Intensification of Kalimantan White Pepper (Piper nigrum) Oil Extraction Based on Microwaves and Ultrasonics

White pepper is one of the staple spices East Kalimantan. In order to boost competitiveness white commodities, it necessary raise added value commodity by transforming into high-value goods, such as oil. This research intends evaluate production local (LPL) oil (MLP) with commercial (LPK) using different extraction techniques (microwave-assisted hydro distillation, MAHD; and ultrasonic following US-HD). experiment also evaluated effect factors on yield, including microwave power MAHD, wave US-HD, sonication duration solvent volume. A comparison energy usage both approaches was conducted in identify most effective approach. The MAHD US-HD were used extract 80 grams dry powder mixed aquadest for 90 180 minutes, respectively. Specifically combination raw materials sonicated 3-5 minutes prior utilizing HD method. LPK includes more MLP than LPL, according experimental findings. yield may be increased addition solvent, (micro ultrasonic), time. Based its efficiency consumption, approach superior MAHD.